![]() ![]() Some popular psychological explanations center on personality differences between drug users and nonusers. Psychological explanations join biological explanations in focusing on why certain individuals are more likely than others to use drugs and to be addicted to drugs (Hanson et al., 2012). Many nonbiological factors also explain the use of, and addiction to, alcohol and other drugs. Although a genetic predisposition for alcoholism might exist for reasons not yet well understood, there is not enough similar research on other types of drug addiction to assume that a genetic predisposition exists for these types. In addition, studies of children of alcoholic parents who are adopted by nonalcoholic parents find that these children are more likely than those born to nonalcoholic parents to develop alcohol problems themselves. Studies of twins find that identical twins are more likely than fraternal twins (who are not genetically identical) to both have alcohol problems or not to have them. Most research on genetic predisposition has focused on alcohol and alcoholism (Hanson et al., 2012). To the extent this process occurs, the people in question are assumed to have a biological predisposition for drug addiction that is thought to be a genetic predisposition. These people are more likely to experience very intense effects and to become physiologically and/or psychologically addicted to a particular drug. ![]() Regarding the second question, biological research is more speculative, but it assumes that some people are particularly vulnerable to the effects of drugs. Michael Dorausch – Identical Twins Jedward – CC BY-SA 2.0. ![]()
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